PDA
Pathological demand avoidance or persistent drive for autonomy is often viewed as a neurobiological difference most likely associated with autistic individuals. PDA was coined in the 1980s by psychologist, Elizabeth Newson. It is mostly considered a profile on the autism spectrum, but there is controversy around this claim as it is there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding PDA. It is not yet recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V (DSM-V). The term has grown in recognition and there is a great deal of research underway to clarify the symptoms and root causes of PDA.
What is PDA, Why Do I Care, and How Can I Help?
According to PDA North America (N.D.), "PDA children and adults avoid everyday demands using ‘social strategies’ as part of the avoidance, have a strong need for autonomy and control, require unique supports and are socially oriented." PDA is often viewed as a nervous system disability whereby the sympathetic nervous system is easily activated by everyday demands. These demands may feel like a threat to the PDA individual's autonomy. When the sympathetic nervous system is activated, the PDA individual may respond with a fight, flight, freeze, or fawn response. Supporting a PDAer, or yourself if you identify as a PDA individual, requires a very nuanced and attuned response.
I believe the sensitive threat response in PDAers is hardwired and can be activated by many things that are considered ordinary in our society. It is not just triggered by demands; social hierarchy, injustices, rules that don't make sense, competition, and being perceived are all triggers that can activate the sympathetic nervous system. Having a trauma-informed approach (whether or not there is a trauma history) allows for a compassionate and empathetic response. Finding ways to lower the threat response, providing co-regulation, and tending to your own nervous system are key factors in building a trusting relationship with a PDAer, or advocating for yourself if you identify as PDA. My somatic and creative approach to working with PDA families includes nervous system regulation, a focus on attunement and connection, resource sharing, and an authentic lived experience from a neurodivergent parent of a PDAer perspective. I use a collaborative approach that is strength based and trauma-informed. I also love to tapping into creative expression if that is your's or your child's jam.
References
Gould, D., & Madera, B. (2025, February 12). What is PDA? PDA North America. Retrieved August 15, 2025, from https://pdanorthamerica.org/what-is-pda/